How to Reduce Carbon Emissions through Sustainable Energy?

Abstract

Global carbon dioxide emissions reached a record 36.3 Gt in 2024, increasing by 0.9% from 2023, further depleting carbon budgets essential for limiting warming to 1.5°C. Energy-related emissions account for over 75% of global greenhouse gas emissions, positioning sustainable energy as a critical intervention for climate change mitigation. This study examines comprehensive strategies for reducing carbon emissions through renewable energy adoption, energy efficiency improvements, and technological innovations. Analysis of global emission trends reveals that renewable energy deployment, particularly solar and wind power, has achieved significant carbon avoidance with solar PV preventing approximately 1.4 Gt CO2 annually. India emerged as a key case study, having achieved 220 GW of renewable capacity by 2025 with 46.3% of total energy capacity from renewable sources. The research employs a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative emission data analysis with policy evaluation across developed and developing nations. Results demonstrate that tripling renewable power capacity and doubling energy efficiency by 2030 could reduce emissions to 23 Gt CO2 annually, achieving a 37.5% reduction from 2024 levels. The study concludes that integrated approaches combining renewable energy expansion, energy efficiency measures, technological innovation, and supportive policy frameworks are essential for achieving net-zero emissions by 2050.