Nanotechnology Applications In Water Purification: Metal Oxide Nanoparticles And Membrane Nanofiltration

Abstract

Water scarcity and contamination pose significant global challenges, necessitating innovative purification technologies. This study examines nanotechnology applications in water purification, specifically focusing on metal oxide nanoparticles and membrane nanofiltration systems. The primary objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of various nanomaterials in removing contaminants from water and to assess their practical implementation potential. A systematic methodology was employed, reviewing empirical data from published studies on nanoparticle efficiency, membrane performance, and removal rates of different pollutants. The hypothesis posited that nanotechnology-based systems demonstrate superior removal efficiency compared to conventional methods. Results indicate that metal oxide nanoparticles, particularly TiO₂, ZnO, and Fe₃O₄, achieve removal efficiencies exceeding 95% for heavy metals and organic contaminants. Membrane nanofiltration systems demonstrate 85-99% rejection rates for various pollutants. Discussion reveals that while nanotechnology offers exceptional purification capabilities, challenges including cost, scalability, and potential environmental impacts require attention. The study concludes that nanotechnology represents a promising solution for water purification, with metal oxide nanoparticles and nanofiltration membranes showing significant potential for addressing global water quality issues, though further research on long-term sustainability and economic viability is essential.