DISTRIBUTION AND DYNAMICS OF MANGROVE FOREST IN INDIAN SUNDARBAN REGION.

Abstract

The Indian Sundarbans, a vital part of the world's largest mangrove ecosystem, has experienced complex spatial
and temporal changes in recent decades. While there's been a marginal overall increase in mangrove cover, this
masks significant variations across the region. Studies reveal a concerning trend of mangrove loss within the core
protected areas like the National Park and tiger reserve. This erosion is attributed to factors like rising sea levels
and reduced freshwater inflow from Himalayan rivers.
The Sundarbans can be broadly divided into zones with varying salinity levels. Salinity plays a key role in
determining the type and density of mangrove vegetation. Studies have shown a decrease in forest density and
canopy cover as salinity increases from east to west. This highlights the delicate balance between freshwater and
saltwater that sustains the diverse mangrove ecosystem. One concerning observation is the decline in specific
mangrove species like Sundari. The area occupied by Sundari trees has shrunk significantly compared to past
decades. This loss points towards a potential disruption in the ecological balance of the Sundarbans.
Interestingly, research also indicates some mangrove gains in areas outside the core forest. However, this raises
questions about the quality and sustainability of these new patches. Whether these gains can compensate for the
losses in the ecologically crucial core areas remains to be seen. Understanding these spatial and temporal
variations in mangrove cover is crucial for effective conservation strategies. By identifying the areas most
vulnerable to erosion and degradation, efforts can be targeted towards protecting the remaining pristine
mangrove cover and promoting sustainable regeneration within the Sundarbans.