Changes in Butterfly Fauna at Different Altitudes in Central Jharkhand

Abstract

This study investigates the changes in butterfly fauna across different altitudinal levels in Central Jharkhand. Butterflies, being sensitive bioindicators, provide valuable insights into the health and diversity of ecosystems. The research aimed to document the variations in species composition, abundance, and diversity of butterflies at varying altitudes, ranging from lowland forests to high-altitude regions. Field surveys were conducted over a year, covering three distinct altitudinal zones. Standardized methods, including transect walks and visual counts, were employed to record butterfly species and their abundance. The results revealed significant variations in butterfly diversity and composition across the different altitudes. Lowland areas exhibited higher species richness, with a dominance of generalist species, while mid-altitudinal regions showed a mix of both generalist and specialist species. High-altitude zones, characterized by harsher climatic conditions, had lower species diversity, with the presence of altitude-specialist species. Environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and vegetation type were found to influence butterfly distribution and diversity. This study highlights the importance of altitudinal gradients in shaping butterfly communities and underscores the need for conservation efforts in diverse habitats.