End-To-End Security In Smart Homes Using A Consortium Blockchain Approach

Abstract

The widespread integration of smart technologies across domains such as residential automation, urban infrastructure, healthcare, and transportation has significantly enhanced modern living standards. However, these interconnected environments introduce critical security concerns, including reliable device authentication, efficient key management for constrained devices, protection of sensitive data, and secure storage mechanisms. Inadequate safeguards in such systems can lead to unauthorized access, data leakage, and exploitation of user information.This paper proposes a blockchain-based security architecture specifically designed for smart home ecosystems. The framework is structured into two operational phases: the first phase focuses on device authentication and access control within the local smart environment, while the second phase ensures secure interaction with external service platforms through regulated access and immutable data handling. Blockchain technology is utilized to record device activities, transactions, and access events in a tamper-resistant manner using SHA-256-based cryptographic linking.To further strengthen security at the device level, the system incorporates computer vision techniques using OpenCV for real-time video monitoring and facial authentication. Additionally, encryption mechanisms are applied to protect multimedia streams and sensitive user data during transmission and storage. A functional prototype with a visual simulation of the smart home environment has been implemented to validate the approach.Experimental results indicate that the proposed framework effectively mitigates common security threats while achieving improved latency and throughput compared to existing solutions. The study demonstrates that integrating blockchain with lightweight cryptographic methods and intelligent monitoring can provide a robust end-to-end security solution for next-generation smart home systems.