Advancing Sustainability through Recycling and Reuse of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The exponential growth of electric vehicles (EVs) represents a critical strategy for emission reduction and sustainable transportation. However, the surge in lithium-ion battery (LIB) consumption presents significant challenges regarding resource scarcity, environmental management, and circular economy implementation. This research examines the sustainability aspects of LIB recycling and reuse in the EV sector, focusing on technological advancements, recovery efficiencies, and environmental benefits. The study employs a comprehensive literature review methodology analyzing global and Indian market data, recycling technologies, and regulatory frameworks. Findings reveal that advanced hydrometallurgical processes achieve over 95% material recovery rates, while India's LIB market is projected to reach 132 GWh by 2030. Analysis of recycling technologies demonstrates that hydrometallurgy dominates with 65% market share, recovering lithium with 90% efficiency. Global recycling market valuations show growth from USD 7.2 billion (2024) to USD 56.87 billion by 2032. The study concludes that effective recycling infrastructure, coupled with circular economy principles, can address 30-40% of lithium demand while reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 55% compared to virgin material extraction. These findings underscore the imperative for policy interventions, technological innovations, and stakeholder collaboration to advance sustainable battery management systems